Between 17-19 April 2009, the heads of state or government of every country in the western hemisphere, 34 in all, with the exception of Cuba, which was forced out of the Organisation of American States (OAS) at the instigation of the United States, following Cuba’s victorious socialist revolution, met for the Summit of the Americas in the Caribbean twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago.
But, whilst Cuba may have been physically excluded, the tiny island dominated the proceedings, as President Barack Obama, the leader of the colossus to the north, had to listen to speech after speech demanding that the USA lift its embargo and blockade and normalise relations with Cuba, as every other country in the hemisphere has now done.
And, whilst President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela extended a hand of friendship to Obama, presenting him with a copy of Open Veins of Latin America, a classic account of the history of the imperialist rape and pillage of the continent, the progressive leaders of Latin America made it quite clear that they had no intention of lowering their guard or giving up the anti-imperialist struggle for the liberation and uplift of their people.
As Bolivian President Evo Morales put it, speaking of the policy of the new US administration: “One hundred days have gone by and we in Bolivia have yet to feel any changes. The policy of conspiracy continues.” (Quoted in ‘Caracas dispatches envoy to US’ by Benedict Mander and Daniel Dombey, Financial Times, 19 April 2009)
Several leaders, including those of Venezuela, Bolivia and Nicaragua, refused to sign the final communiqué, in protest at the exclusion of Cuba and the US blockade.
Of far greater importance than the Summit of the Americas was that organised in the Venezuelan city of Cumaná around the same time by the Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of our America (ALBA-TCP), a socialist-oriented alliance, led by Cuba and Venezuela, and attended by its then member states, Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and the Commonwealth of Dominica and Honduras.
Immediately following the conference, the former British Caribbean colony of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became ALBA’s seventh full member. The Declaration of Cumaná adopted by the six leaders represents a profound critique of capitalism in the economic, environmental and other fields, of a type rarely adopted on a multilateral basis by state leaders in recent years.
In view of its importance, and in solidarity with the advancing Latin American revolution, we are publishing it here in full.
The Declaration of Cumaná
We, the Heads of State and Government of Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Venezuela, member countries of ALBA, consider that the Draft Declaration of the 5th Summit of the Americas is insufficient and unacceptable for the following reasons:
The Declaration does not provide answers to the Global Economic Crisis, even though this crisis constitutes the greatest challenge faced by humanity in the last decades and is the most serious threat of the current times to the welfare of our peoples.
The Declaration unfairly excludes Cuba, without mentioning the consensus in the region condemning the blockade and isolation to which the people and the government of Cuba have incessantly been exposed in a criminal manner.
For this reason, we, the member countries of ALBA, believe that there is no consensus for the adoption of this draft declaration because of the reasons above stated, and accordingly, we propose to hold a thorough debate on the following topics:
1.Capitalism is leading humanity and the planet to extinction. What we are experiencing is a global economic crisis of a systemic and structural nature, not another cyclical crisis. Those who think that with a taxpayers’ money injection and some regulatory measures this crisis will end are wrong.
The financial system is in crisis because it trades bonds with six times the real value of the assets and services produced and rendered in the world. This is not a ‘system regulation failure’, but an integral part of the capitalist system that speculates with all assets and values with a view to obtain the maximum profit possible. Until now, the economic crisis has generated over 100 million additional hungry persons and has slashed over 50 million jobs, and these figures show an upward trend.
2.Capitalism has caused the environmental crisis, by submitting the necessary conditions for life on the planet to the predominance of market and profit. Each year, we consume one third more of what the planet is able to regenerate. With this squandering binge of the capitalist system, we are going to need two planets Earth by the year 2030.
3.The global economic crisis, climate change, the food crisis and the energy crisis are the result of the decay of capitalism, which threatens to end life and the planet. To avert this outcome, it is necessary to develop and model an alternative to the capitalist system. A system based on:
solidarity and complementarity, not competition;
a system in harmony with our mother earth and not plundering of human resources;
a system of cultural diversity and not cultural destruction and imposition of cultural values and lifestyles alien to the realities of our countries;
a system of peace based on social justice and not on imperialist policies and wars;
in summary, a system that recovers the human condition of our societies and peoples and does not reduce them to mere consumers of merchandise.
4.As a concrete expression of the new reality of the continent, we, Caribbean and Latin American countries, have commenced to build our own institutionalisation, an institutionalisation that is based on a common history dating back to our independence revolution and constitutes a concrete tool for deepening the social, economic and cultural transformation processes that will consolidate our full sovereignty. ALBA-TCP, Petrocaribe [a Venezuelan initiative to provide oil at subsidised prices] or UNASUR [the Union of South American Nations], mentioning merely the most recently created, are solidarity-based mechanisms of unity created in the midst of such transformations with the obvious intention of boosting the efforts of our peoples to attain their own freedom.
To face the serious effects of the global economic crisis, we, the ALBA-TCP countries, have adopted innovative and transforming measures that seek real alternatives to the inadequate international economic order, not to boost their failed institutions. Thus, we have implemented a Regional Clearance Unitary System, the Sucre, which includes a Common Unit of Account, a Clearance Chamber and a Single Reserve System. Similarly, we have encouraged the constitution of grand-national companies to satisfy the essential needs of our peoples and establish fair and complementary trade mechanisms that leave behind the absurd logic of unbridled competition.
5.We question the G20 for having tripled the resources of the International Monetary Fund when the real need is to establish a new world economic order that includes the full transformation of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO [World Trade Organisation], entities that have contributed to this global economic crisis with their neoliberal policies.
6.The solutions to the global economic crisis and the definition of a new international financial scheme should be adopted with the participation of the 192 countries that will meet in the United Nations Conference on the International Financial Crisis to be held on 1-3 June to propose the creation of a new international economic order.
7.As for climate change, developed countries are in an environmental debt to the world because they are responsible for 70 percent of historical carbon emissions into the atmosphere since 1750. Developed countries should pay off their debt to humankind and the planet; they should provide significant resources to a fund so that developing countries can embark upon a growth model which does not repeat the serious impacts of the capitalist industrialisation.
8.Solutions to the energy, food and climate change crises should be comprehensive and interdependent. We cannot solve a problem by creating new ones in fundamental areas for life. For instance, the widespread use of agricultural fuels has an adverse effect on food prices and the use of essential resources, such as water, land and forests.
9.We condemn the discrimination against migrants in any of its forms. Migration is a human right, not a crime. Therefore, we request of the United States government an urgent reform of its migration policies in order to stop deportations and massive raids and allow for reunion of families. We further demand the removal of the wall that separates and divides us, instead of uniting us. In this regard, we petition for the abrogation of the Law of Cuban Adjustment and removal of the discriminatory, selective ‘Dry Feet, Wet Feet’ policy that has claimed human losses.
Bankers who stole the money and resources from our countries are the true culprits, not migrant workers. Human rights should come first, particularly human rights of the underprivileged, downtrodden sectors in our society, that is, migrants without identity papers. Free movement of people and human rights for everybody, regardless of their migration status, are a must for integration. The brain drain is a way of plundering skilled human resources exercised by rich countries.
10.Basic education, health, water, energy and telecommunications services should be declared human rights that cannot be subject to private deals or marketed by the World Trade Organisation. These services are and should be essentially public utilities of universal access.
11.We desire a world where all, big and small, countries have the same rights and where there is no empire. We advocate non-intervention. There is the need to strengthen, as the only legitimate means for discussion and assessment of bilateral and multilateral agendas in the hemisphere, the foundations for mutual respect between states and governments, based on the principle of non-interference of a state in the internal affairs of another state, and inviolability of sovereignty and self-determination of the peoples.
We request the new Government of the United States, the arrival of which has given rise to some expectations in the hemisphere and the world, to finish the longstanding and dire tradition of interventionism and aggression that has characterised the actions of the US governments throughout history, and particularly intensified during the administration of President George W Bush. By the same token, we request the new Government of the United States to abandon interventionist practices, such as cover-up operations, parallel diplomacy, media wars aimed at disturbing states and governments, and funding of destabilising groups. Building on a world where varied economic, political, social and cultural approaches are acknowledged and respected is of the essence.
12.With regard to the US blockade against Cuba and the exclusion of the latter from the Summit of the Americas, we, the member states of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of Our America, reassert the Declaration adopted by all Latin American and Caribbean countries on 16 December 2008 on the need to end the economic, trade and financial blockade imposed by the Government of the United States of America on Cuba, including the implementation of the so-called Helms-Burton Act. The declaration sets forth in its fundamental paragraphs the following:
“CONSIDERING the resolutions approved by the United Nations General Assembly on the need to finish the economic, trade and financial blockade imposed by the United States on Cuba, and the statements on such blockade, which have been approved in numerous international meetings.
“WE AFFIRM that the application of unilateral, coercive measures affecting the wellbeing of peoples and hindering integration processes is unacceptable when defending free exchange and the transparent practice of international trade.
“WE STRONGLY REPEL the enforcement of laws and measures contrary to international law, such as the Helms-Burton Act, and we urge the Government of the United States of America to finish such enforcement.
“WE REQUEST the Government of the United States of America to comply with the provisions set forth in 17 successive resolutions approved by the United Nations General Assembly and put an end to the economic, trade and financial blockade on Cuba.”
Additionally, we consider that the attempts at imposing the isolation of Cuba have failed, as nowadays Cuba forms an integral part of the Latin American and Caribbean region; it is a member of the Rio Group [an organisation of Latin American and some Caribbean states] and other hemispheric organisations and mechanisms, which develops a policy of cooperation, in solidarity with the countries in the hemisphere; which promotes full integration of Latin American and Caribbean peoples. Therefore, there is no reason whatsoever to justify its exclusion from the mechanism of the Summit of the Americas.
13.Developed countries have spent at least US$8bn to rescue a collapsing financial structure. They are the same that fail to allocate the small sums of money to attain the Millennium Goals or 0.7 percent of GDP for Official Development Assistance. Never before has the hypocrisy of the words of rich countries been so apparent. Cooperation should be established without conditions and fit the agendas of recipient countries by making arrangements easier; providing access to the resources, and prioritising social-inclusion issues.
14.The legitimate struggle against drug trafficking and organised crime, and any other form of the so-called ‘new threats’ must not be used as an excuse to undertake actions of interference and intervention against our countries.
15.We are firmly convinced that the change, in which everybody reposes hope, can come only from organisation, mobilisation and unity of our peoples.
As the Liberator wisely said:
“Unity of our peoples is not a mere illusion of men, but an inexorable decree of destiny.” – Simón Bolívar |
